The Inhibitory Potentials of Seed Kernel Methanol Crude Extract and Fractions of Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceace on Metalloprotease-induced Toxic Effect of Echis ocellatus Venom

The study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol extract of Mangifera indica seed kernel and its solvent fractions on metalloprotease induced toxic effect on mice. Total of twelve albino mice were used for different treatment group which were replicated in triplicates. This research was carried out in the laboratory of the department of pharmacognosy Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, August, 2015. Mangifera indica seed kernel methanol extract was partitioned using solvent with increasing polarity (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous). The most active ethyl acetate fraction was used to determine the in vivo anti venom metalloprotease induced toxic effect on blood coagulation system (bleeding and clotting time) and some haematological parameters (packed cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell and total protein count) in mice. The results obtained from the in vivo studies showed a significant increase in the bleeding and clotting time of the mice treated with the venom alone when compared with that of the control. In the mice treated with venom and the extract, the increase in bleeding and clotting time was observed to be significantly (p=0.05) reduced. Also, the results obtained for haematological parameters showed a significant reduction, except for the WBC count which was slightly elevated in the mice treated with venom alone when compared to the control. Normalcy was significantly restored in the groups treated with the venom and the extract. This suggests that the extract has some inhibitory effect in vivo against the action of Echis ocellatus venom. The relevance of these findings would be of importance in the management of snake bite envenomation and the development of anti venom.